He was born David Cornwell, in Poole, Dorset, and adopted the pen name John le Carré when his first novel was published. Photograph: Ralph Crane/The LIFE Picture Collection/Getty Images When he was nominated for the Booker prize in 2011, within 45 minutes his agent issued a statement from the author: “I do not compete for literary prizes and have therefore asked for my name to be withdrawn.”ĭavid Cornwell, aka John le Carré, at home with his sons Stephen, left, and Simon, 1964. He was not a comfortable player in the metropolitan literary scene. Yet Le Carré believed that literary London, with its longstanding apartheid separating literary fiction from its commercial ugly sister, genre fiction, never quite accepted his success. His taut, complex plot, strong storytelling gifts, and distinctive characterisation made his book a memorable literary achievement. Reviewers talked of The Spy Who Came in from the Cold as a grown-up answer to Ian Fleming’s James Bond novels. His book was gritty, stripped of glamour. Le Carré’s subject was the human and political ambiguities of the cold war. Its publisher, Victor Gollancz, secured a puff from Graham Greene (“the best spy story I have ever read”), and the widely rumoured belief that the author was an insider in the secret world of intelligence helped his third novel become one of the great bestsellers of the postwar period. For cases other than fitting by ordinary least squares, the R 2 statistic can be calculated as above and may still be a useful measure.Simon Russell Beale reads from John le Carré’s The Spy Who Came in from the Cold Guardian The explanation of this statistic is almost the same as R 2 but it penalizes the statistic as extra variables are included in the model. This leads to the alternative approach of looking at the adjusted R 2. For example, if one is trying to predict the sales of a model of car from the car's gas mileage, price, and engine power, one can include such irrelevant factors as the first letter of the model's name or the height of the lead engineer designing the car because the R 2 will never decrease as variables are added and will probably experience an increase due to chance alone. This illustrates a drawback to one possible use of R 2, where one might keep adding variables ( Kitchen sink regression) to increase the R 2 value. In this case, R 2 increases as the number of variables in the model is increased ( R 2 is monotone increasing with the number of variables included-it will never decrease). In all instances where R 2 is used, the predictors are calculated by ordinary least-squares regression: that is, by minimizing SS res. If equation 2 of Kvålseth is used, R 2 can be greater than one. If equation 1 of Kvålseth is used (this is the equation used most often), R 2 can be less than zero.
This would occur when the wrong model was chosen, or nonsensical constraints were applied by mistake. Values of R 2 outside the range 0 to 1 can occur when the model fits the data worse than a horizontal hyperplane. An R 2 of 1 indicates that the regression predictions perfectly fit the data. In regression, the R 2 coefficient of determination is a statistical measure of how well the regression predictions approximate the real data points. R 2 is a statistic that will give some information about the goodness of fit of a model. According to Everitt, this usage is specifically the definition of the term "coefficient of determination": the square of the correlation between two (general) variables. In this case, the value is not directly a measure of how good the modeled values are, but rather a measure of how good a predictor might be constructed from the modeled values (by creating a revised predictor of the form α + βƒ i). You should also add the template data values.A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing German Wikipedia article at ] see its history for attribution. You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation.If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article. Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality.Consider adding a topic to this template: there are already 6,858 articles in the main category, and specifying |topic= will aid in categorization.Machine translation like DeepL or Google Translate is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia.View a machine-translated version of the German article.
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